{
 "schema": "rutanamex.state.v1",
 "company": "CONSULTING (Rutanamex)",
 "built_by": "261103 COS120B",
 "checked": "2026-11-03",
 "code": "08",
 "iso": "MX-CHH",
 "slug": "chihuahua",
 "name": {
  "en": "Chihuahua",
  "es": "Chihuahua"
 },
 "capital": "Chihuahua",
 "accent": "#F4A261",
 "corridor": {
  "chapter": 13,
  "en": "The Texas-Facing North",
  "es": "El norte que mira a Texas",
  "with": [
   "MX-COA",
   "MX-NLE",
   "MX-TAM"
  ],
  "colour": "#F4A261",
  "book": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), chapter 13",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026) (capítulo 13)"
  }
 },
 "region": {
  "id": "texas-facing-north",
  "chapter": 13,
  "en": "The Texas-Facing North",
  "es": "El norte que mira a Texas",
  "colour": "#F4A261",
  "book": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), chapter 13",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026) (capítulo 13)"
  }
 },
 "tagline": {
  "en": "Chihuahua is Mexico's eighth-largest economy, its largest exporter and the second-lowest informal work in the country.",
  "es": "Chihuahua es la octava economía más grande de México, el mayor exportador y la segunda más baja informalidad laboral del país."
 },
 "read": {
  "en": "Juárez suits an electronics or medical-device maker wanting the experienced workers released by the 2023 to 2025 contraction, not a large water user.",
  "es": "Juárez le conviene a un fabricante de electrónica o de dispositivos médicos que quiere a los trabajadores con experiencia que liberó la contracción de 2023 a 2025, no a un gran usuario de agua."
 },
 "figures": [
  {
   "key": "population",
   "value": 3886377,
   "unit": "people in private dwellings",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "eic2025"
  },
  {
   "key": "median_age",
   "value": 31.3,
   "unit": "years",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "eic2025"
  },
  {
   "key": "gdp_share",
   "value": 3.83,
   "unit": "% of national output",
   "period": "2024",
   "src": "pibe",
   "derived": true
  },
  {
   "key": "exports_2025",
   "value": 109628.3,
   "unit": "million US$",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "etef2025",
   "derived": true
  },
  {
   "key": "formal_jobs",
   "value": 962791,
   "unit": "private formal jobs",
   "period": "2026-07",
   "src": "lokus",
   "change_pct": -0.7
  },
  {
   "key": "informality",
   "value": 35.1,
   "unit": "% of the employed",
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "enoe",
   "national": 55.1
  },
  {
   "key": "area_km2",
   "value": 247412.6,
   "unit": "km2",
   "period": "2016",
   "src": "wiki_area"
  },
  {
   "key": "unemployment",
   "value": 2.7,
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "enoe",
   "national": 2.7
  },
  {
   "key": "daily_wage",
   "value": 699.06,
   "period": "2026-07",
   "src": "lokus",
   "national": 673.9,
   "rank": 7,
   "unit": "pesos a day"
  },
  {
   "key": "exports_q2_2026",
   "value": 49027.5,
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "etef609",
   "national": 195260.7,
   "rank": 1,
   "change_pct": 87.3,
   "unit": "million US$"
  },
  {
   "key": "imco_rank",
   "value": 15,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "imco",
   "rank": 15,
   "change": -7
  },
  {
   "key": "payroll_tax",
   "value": 4.0,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "payroll",
   "unit": "% of payroll"
  },
  {
   "key": "mpi_rank",
   "value": 26,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "peace",
   "rank": 26
  },
  {
   "key": "advisory_level",
   "value": 3,
   "period": "2026-05",
   "src": "peace"
  },
  {
   "key": "business_crime",
   "value": 2839,
   "period": "2023",
   "src": "enve",
   "national": 2722
  },
  {
   "key": "activity_q1_2026",
   "value": -0.9,
   "unit": "% change on a year",
   "period": "Q1 2026",
   "src": "itaee"
  },
  {
   "key": "fdi_2025",
   "value": 1065.6,
   "unit": "million US$",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "se_rnie"
  }
 ],
 "sectors": {
  "period": "2024",
  "src": "pibe_state",
  "parts": [
   {
    "en": "Services",
    "es": "Servicios",
    "pct": 43.7,
    "growth": 1.1
   },
   {
    "en": "Industry: manufacturing, construction, energy, mining",
    "es": "Industria: manufactura, construcción, energía, minería",
    "pct": 43.6,
    "growth": -2.9
   },
   {
    "en": "Agriculture, livestock, fishing",
    "es": "Agricultura, ganadería, pesca",
    "pct": 6.5,
    "growth": -5.1
   },
   {
    "en": "Taxes on products, net",
    "es": "Impuestos netos a los productos",
    "pct": 6.2,
    "derived": true
   }
  ]
 },
 "places": [
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Chihuahua",
   "lat": 28.63528,
   "lon": -106.08889,
   "es_name": "Chihuahua",
   "en": "The capital: 925,762 people (2020)",
   "es": "La capital: 925,762 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Ciudad Juárez",
   "lat": 31.73944,
   "lon": -106.48694,
   "es_name": "Ciudad Juárez",
   "en": "City: 1,501,551 people (2020)",
   "es": "Ciudad: 1,501,551 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Cuauhtémoc",
   "lat": 28.417,
   "lon": -106.867,
   "es_name": "Cuauhtémoc",
   "en": "City: 114,007 people (2010)",
   "es": "Ciudad: 114,007 habitantes (2010)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuauhtémoc_Municipality,_Chihuahua"
  },
  {
   "kind": "airport",
   "name": "General Roberto Fierro Villalobos International Airport",
   "es_name": "Aeropuerto Internacional General Roberto Fierro Villalobos",
   "code": "CUU",
   "lat": 28.70278,
   "lon": -105.96167,
   "en": "International airport (CUU) · 1,956,431 passengers in 2025",
   "es": "Aeropuerto internacional (CUU) · 1,956,431 pasajeros en 2025",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chihuahua_International_Airport"
  },
  {
   "kind": "airport",
   "name": "Abraham González International Airport",
   "es_name": "Aeropuerto Internacional Abraham González",
   "code": "CJS",
   "lat": 31.63639,
   "lon": -106.42861,
   "en": "International airport (CJS) · 2,130,551 passengers in 2025",
   "es": "Aeropuerto internacional (CJS) · 2,130,551 pasajeros en 2025",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_Juárez_International_Airport"
  },
  {
   "kind": "border",
   "name": "Ciudad Juárez-El Paso (Ysleta-Zaragoza)",
   "lat": 31.6711,
   "lon": -106.338,
   "en": "Border crossing: Ciudad Juárez, facing El Paso (Ysleta-Zaragoza) · commercial trucks",
   "es": "Cruce fronterizo: Ciudad Juárez, frente a El Paso (Ysleta-Zaragoza) · camiones de carga",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysleta–Zaragoza_International_Bridge"
  },
  {
   "kind": "border",
   "name": "San Jerónimo (Ciudad Juárez area)-Santa Teresa, New Mexico",
   "lat": 31.785877,
   "lon": -106.680315,
   "en": "Border crossing: San Jerónimo (Ciudad Juárez area), facing Santa Teresa, New Mexico · commercial trucks",
   "es": "Cruce fronterizo: San Jerónimo (Ciudad Juárez area), frente a Santa Teresa, New Mexico · camiones de carga",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Teresa_Port_of_Entry"
  },
  {
   "kind": "border",
   "name": "Ojinaga-Presidio, Texas",
   "lat": 29.561731,
   "lon": -104.395114,
   "en": "Border crossing: Ojinaga, facing Presidio, Texas",
   "es": "Cruce fronterizo: Ojinaga, frente a Presidio, Texas",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidio–Ojinaga_International_Bridge"
  },
  {
   "kind": "rail",
   "name": "Ferromex (with Ferrosur; 12,100 km combined)",
   "en": "Rail line serving the state",
   "es": "Línea de ferrocarril que sirve al estado",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferromex"
  },
  {
   "kind": "power",
   "name": "Power and water",
   "es_name": "Electricidad y agua",
   "en": "CFE’s September 2026 peak charge at Ciudad Juárez was 1.8372 pesos per kilowatt-hour. CONAGUA’s 2024 sheets show the two Juárez aquifers short about 73.3 and 90.4 million cubic meters a year.",
   "es": "El cargo de punta de la CFE en Ciudad Juárez en septiembre de 2026 fue de 1.8372 pesos por kilowatt-hora. Las fichas 2024 de la CONAGUA muestran a los dos acuíferos de Juárez con déficits de cerca de 73.3 y 90.4 millones de metros cúbicos al año.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  },
  {
   "kind": "logistics",
   "name": "Logistics and crossings",
   "es_name": "Logística y cruces",
   "en": "Ysleta and the El Paso bridge carried 641,729 and 164,255 northbound trucks in 2025, according to USA transportation statistics.",
   "es": "Ysleta y el puente de El Paso recibieron 641,729 y 164,255 camiones con dirección norte en 2025, según las estadísticas de transporte de Estados Unidos.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  },
  {
   "kind": "park",
   "name": "Development pole",
   "es_name": "Polo de desarrollo",
   "en": "San Jerónimo, announced as the Juárez pole, was declared in the Diario Oficial on June 30, 2025.",
   "es": "San Jerónimo, anunciado como el polo de Juárez, se declaró en el Diario Oficial el 30 de junio de 2025.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  }
 ],
 "investors": [
  {
   "name": "Inventec",
   "date": "2026-06",
   "en": "Inventec shows what the city can still win. Mexico Industry reported in June 2026 that the company announced a $450 million expansion of its artificial-intelligence server manufacturing in Ciudad Juárez, with more than 6,000 jobs, citing legal certainty, labor stability, and technical talent.",
   "es": "Inventec muestra lo que la ciudad todavía puede ganar. Mexico Industry informó en junio de 2026 que la empresa anunció una ampliación de unos 8.2 mil millones de pesos (450 millones de dólares, al tipo de cambio del 12 de octubre de 2026, 18.25 pesos por dólar) de su manufactura de servidores para inteligencia artificial en Ciudad Juárez, con más de 6,000 empleos, y citó la certeza jurídica, la estabilidad laboral y el talento técnico.",
   "src": "b6c13"
  },
  {
   "name": "First Brands Group",
   "date": "2026-03",
   "en": "Subensambles Internacionales belongs to First Brands Group, whose bankruptcy closed the company’s plant in Ciudad Juárez on March 25, 2026, as Chapters 3 and 4 record.",
   "es": "Subensambles Internacionales pertenece a First Brands Group, cuya quiebra cerró la planta de la empresa en Ciudad Juárez el 25 de marzo de 2026, como registran los capítulos 3 y 4.",
   "src": "b6c13"
  }
 ],
 "text": {
  "identity": {
   "en": "Silver built Chihuahua: Juan Rangel de Biezma's 1631 strike founded Parral, which in 1640 was the world's largest silver producer, and Antonio de Deza y Ulloa founded Chihuahua City in 1709. Under the Porfiriato ranching and mining defined the economy, and by 1881 the Central Mexican Railroad linked Mexico City to Ciudad Juárez. In 1922 some 3,000 Mennonites arrived from Manitoba, Canada; their cheese is known nationwide as queso Chihuahua. Cuauhtémoc is an internationally recognised centre of apple production, and Chihuahua beef is famous across the country. The Rarámuri are the main Indigenous people. Electronics and transport equipment lead today's manufacturing. The 2020 census counted 3,741,869 residents. The Autonomous University of Chihuahua was created on 8 December 1954.",
   "es": "La plata de Parral, que en 1640 fue el mayor productor de plata del mundo, y la ganadería marcaron la historia de Chihuahua; la carne de res del estado es famosa en todo el país. En 1973 un grupo de industriales locales creó el organismo DESEC para atraer inversión, y Ford fue la primera trasnacional en llegar, con una planta de motores. En 1922 llegaron 3,000 menonitas desde Manitoba, Canadá, y su queso menonita también se conoce como queso Chihuahua. La manzana es la cosecha más abundante. Los tarahumaras, que se llaman a sí mismos rarámuri, son la principal etnia indígena. El censo de 2020 contó 3,741,869 habitantes. El Instituto Literario, fundado en 1835, alberga hoy la rectoría de la UACH, creada en 1954."
  },
  "industry": {
   "en": "INEGI reported that the state accounted for 12.0% of export-plant employment in July 2026, second only to Nuevo León. Dallas Fed economists counted about 57,500 Juárez maquila jobs lost from August 2023 to August 2025.",
   "es": "El INEGI le dio al estado el 12.0% del empleo en plantas de exportación en julio de 2026, segundo lugar después de Nuevo León. Economistas de la Reserva Federal de Dallas contaron cerca de 57,500 empleos maquiladores perdidos en Juárez de agosto de 2023 a agosto de 2025."
  },
  "people": {
   "en": "INEGI counted 3,741,869 people in 2020 and put unemployment at 2.7% in the second quarter of 2026, the national rate; informality, 35.1% against 55.1, was second-lowest. Lokus Data’s IMSS count showed 962,791 formal jobs in July 2026, down 0.7% year over year.",
   "es": "El INEGI contó 3,741,869 personas en 2020 y situó el desempleo en 2.7% en el segundo trimestre de 2026, la tasa nacional; la informalidad, de 35.1% frente a 55.1, fue la segunda más baja. El conteo del IMSS de Lokus Data mostró 962,791 empleos formales en julio de 2026, 0.7% menos en un año."
  },
  "wages": {
   "en": "At 699.06 pesos in July 2026, Lokus Data’s average daily contribution wage was the seventh-highest; the national average for all IMSS-insured workers was 673.9.",
   "es": "Con 699.06 pesos en julio de 2026, el salario base de cotización promedio diario de Lokus Data fue el séptimo más alto; el 673.9 nacional cubre a todos los trabajadores asegurados en el IMSS."
  },
  "security": {
   "en": "INEGI found 2,839 businesses per 10,000 victimized in 2023, compared with 2,722 nationally. The Mexico Peace Index 2026 ranks it 26th of 32; the USA State Department’s May 29, 2026, advisory puts it at Level 3, reconsider travel.",
   "es": "El INEGI encontró 2,839 de cada 10,000 unidades económicas víctimas de delito en 2023, frente a 2,722 nacional. El Índice de Paz México 2026 lo coloca en el lugar 26 de 32; la alerta de viaje del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos del 29 de mayo de 2026 lo pone en el nivel 3, reconsiderar el viaje."
  },
  "government": {
   "en": "The state’s own 2026 guide sets payroll tax at 4% plus surcharges. IMCO’s 2026 index dropped it 7 places to 15th.",
   "es": "La guía 2026 del propio estado fija el impuesto sobre nóminas en 4% más sobretasas. El índice 2026 del IMCO lo bajó 7 lugares, al 15."
  },
  "suits": {
   "en": "The Texas-facing North suits a manufacturer that ships heavy or time-sensitive goods to the United States, needs a deep supplier base in automotive, appliances, or electronics, and can pay the region’s wages for experienced people. It suits a supplier following a customer already there. Monterrey suits a company that needs engineers, flights, and a large stock of industrial buildings; Saltillo, an automotive supplier willing to compete for scarce Class A space; Juárez, an electronics or medical-device maker that wants the experienced workforce released by the 2023 to 2025 contraction. It suits less well a company that needs much water, since the main aquifers have none to grant; a large new electrical load that can’t wait 1 to 2 years for a substation; a labor-intensive plant whose margin depends on low wages; and a product sold mainly in central or southern Mexico, which gains nothing from Laredo. Chapter 21 weighs this corridor against the Bajío and the south.",
   "es": "El norte que mira a Texas le conviene a un fabricante, mexicano o extranjero, que embarca a Estados Unidos mercancía pesada o urgente, necesita una base de proveedores profunda en automotriz, electrodomésticos o electrónica y puede pagar los salarios de la región para contratar gente con experiencia. Le conviene a un proveedor que sigue a un cliente que ya está ahí. Monterrey le conviene a una empresa que necesita ingenieros, vuelos y un gran inventario de naves industriales; Saltillo, a un proveedor automotriz dispuesto a competir por espacio clase A escaso; Juárez, a un fabricante de electrónica o de dispositivos médicos que quiere la plantilla experimentada que liberó la contracción de 2023 a 2025. Le conviene menos a una empresa que necesita mucha agua, porque los acuíferos principales no tienen nada que otorgar; a una carga eléctrica nueva y grande que no puede esperar 1 o 2 años por una subestación; a una planta intensiva en mano de obra cuyo margen depende de salarios bajos, y a un producto que se vende sobre todo en el centro o el sur de México, que no gana nada con Laredo. El capítulo 21 pesa este corredor frente al Bajío y el sur."
  },
  "check": {
   "en": [
    "Get the substation answer in writing, from CFE and from the park, with a date.",
    "Get the water answer next: whether the site’s water comes from a title, the park, or treated supply, and what happened to the site in 2022.",
    "Ask the park and 2 neighboring plants for their monthly turnover and starting wage, and price housing and commuting for the people you’ll hire.",
    "Get crossing times by hour from your carrier and customs broker for the bridge you’ll use.",
    "And read every state figure for investment and jobs against the official table and the 5-year window in which announced jobs arrive."
   ],
   "es": [
    "Consiga por escrito la respuesta sobre la subestación, de la CFE y del parque, con fecha.",
    "Consiga después la respuesta sobre el agua: si el agua del sitio viene de un título, del parque o de agua tratada, y qué le pasó al sitio en 2022.",
    "Pregúntele al parque y a 2 plantas vecinas su rotación mensual y su salario de entrada, y ponga precio a la vivienda y al traslado de la gente que va a contratar.",
    "Consiga del transportista y del agente aduanal los tiempos de cruce por hora del puente que va a usar.",
    "Y lea cada cifra estatal de inversión y empleo frente a la tabla oficial y la ventana de 5 años en la que llegan los empleos anunciados."
   ]
  }
 },
 "landed": [
  {
   "en": "A worked example, by this book’s arithmetic rather than the model’s: Chihuahua’s July 2026 average of 699.06 pesos is about 94% of Nuevo León’s 739.87, so the appliance’s labor line of $4.55 a unit in Monterrey becomes about 4.30 in Chihuahua, some 25 cents less."
  },
  {
   "en": "Index Juárez put maquiladora turnover in Ciudad Juárez at 3.5% in April 2025, down from as high as 12% in other periods."
  },
  {
   "en": "Shelter providers list their sites mostly in the north and the Bajío: Tecma names Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, Torreón, Silao, Mexicali, Monterrey, San Luis Potosí, and, since 2020, Matehuala."
  }
 ],
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "chihuahua-2.webp",
   "kind": "photo",
   "w": 1000,
   "h": 400,
   "title": "Ciudad Juárez, skyline",
   "author": "Alejandro Rosales",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ciudad_Ju%C3%A1rez,_skyline.jpg",
   "date": "2022-11-07",
   "alt": {
    "en": "Ciudad Juárez, the border factory city, looking north",
    "es": "Ciudad Juárez, la ciudad maquiladora de la frontera, vista al norte"
   },
   "caption": {
    "en": "Ciudad Juárez, the border factory city, looking north",
    "es": "Ciudad Juárez, la ciudad maquiladora de la frontera, vista al norte"
   }
  },
  {
   "file": "chihuahua-1.webp",
   "kind": "photo",
   "w": 820,
   "h": 683,
   "title": "Chihuahua montage",
   "author": "El Sombrerero",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chihuahua_montage.jpg",
   "date": "2018-11-17",
   "alt": {
    "en": "The city of Chihuahua",
    "es": "La ciudad de Chihuahua"
   },
   "caption": {
    "en": "The city of Chihuahua",
    "es": "La ciudad de Chihuahua"
   }
  }
 ],
 "sources": {
  "eic2025": {
   "en": "INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025 (people in private dwellings; median age from the tabulates)",
   "es": "INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025 (población en viviendas particulares; edad mediana de los tabulados)",
   "published": "2026-09-22",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/intercensal/2025/"
  },
  "pibe": {
   "en": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, current prices; share our arithmetic over the national 33,506,847 million pesos",
   "es": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, precios corrientes; participación: cálculo propio sobre el total nacional de 33,506,847 millones de pesos",
   "published": "2025-12-05",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/pibent/"
  },
  "etef2025": {
   "en": "INEGI, Exportaciones Trimestrales por Entidad Federativa, the four quarters of 2025 summed (our arithmetic), preliminary",
   "es": "INEGI, Exportaciones Trimestrales por Entidad Federativa, suma de los cuatro trimestres de 2025 (cálculo propio), cifras preliminares",
   "published": "2026-03-31",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/exportacionesef/"
  },
  "wiki_area": {
   "en": "Wikipedia, List of states of Mexico, citing INEGI (continental area, 2016)",
   "es": "Wikipedia, List of states of Mexico, citando al INEGI (superficie continental, 2016)",
   "published": "2026-10-22",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico"
  },
  "b6p5": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), Part V, with the sources listed there",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026), quinta parte, con las fuentes que ahí se citan",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  },
  "enoe": {
   "en": "INEGI, ENOE second quarter 2026, bulletin 503/26",
   "es": "INEGI, ENOE segundo trimestre de 2026, boletín 503/26",
   "published": "2026-08-25",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2026/enoe/enoe2026_08.pdf"
  },
  "lokus": {
   "en": "IMSS open data as processed by Lokus Data (private formal jobs and average daily contribution wage; the national wage of 673.9 pesos covers all IMSS-insured workers)",
   "es": "Datos abiertos del IMSS procesados por Lokus Data (empleo formal privado y salario diario promedio de cotización; el salario nacional de 673.9 pesos cubre a todos los asegurados del IMSS)",
   "published": "2026-07",
   "url": "https://plataforma.lokusdata.com/salarios/"
  },
  "b6c13": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), chapter 13, The Texas-Facing North, with the sources listed there",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026), capítulo 13, El norte que mira a Texas, con las fuentes que ahí se citan",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  },
  "etef609": {
   "en": "INEGI, quarterly state exports, bulletin 609/26",
   "es": "INEGI, exportaciones trimestrales por entidad federativa, boletín 609/26",
   "published": "2026-09-30",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/exportacionesef/"
  },
  "imco": {
   "en": "IMCO, Índice de Competitividad Estatal 2026",
   "es": "IMCO, Índice de Competitividad Estatal 2026",
   "published": "2026-09-21",
   "url": "https://imco.org.mx/"
  },
  "payroll": {
   "en": "BHR, bulletin on state payroll-tax rates for 2026",
   "es": "BHR, boletín sobre las tasas del impuesto sobre nóminas de 2026",
   "published": "2026-01",
   "url": "https://www.bhrmx.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/PRIMEROS-ESCENARIOS-ESTATALES-CON-AUMENTOS-EN-LA-TASA-DEL-ISN-PARA-2026.pdf"
  },
  "peace": {
   "en": "Institute for Economics and Peace, Mexico Peace Index 2026; USA Department of State travel advisory of 29 May 2026",
   "es": "Institute for Economics and Peace, Índice de Paz México 2026; alerta de viaje del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos del 29 de mayo de 2026",
   "published": "2026-05-29",
   "url": "https://www.visionofhumanity.org/"
  },
  "enve": {
   "en": "INEGI, ENVE 2024 (businesses victimized in 2023, per 10,000)",
   "es": "INEGI, ENVE 2024 (unidades económicas víctimas de delito en 2023, por cada 10,000)",
   "published": "2024-12-10",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enve/2024/"
  },
  "itaee": {
   "en": "INEGI, ITAEE first quarter 2026 (change on a year)",
   "es": "INEGI, ITAEE primer trimestre de 2026 (cambio anual)",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/itaee/"
  },
  "se_rnie": {
   "en": "Secretaría de Economía, foreign direct investment by state of destination, as reproduced by the Chamber of Deputies, Gaceta Parlamentaria",
   "es": "Secretaría de Economía, inversión extranjera directa por entidad de destino, reproducida por la Cámara de Diputados, Gaceta Parlamentaria",
   "published": "2026-04-14",
   "url": "https://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/66/2026/abr/Inv.Ext.Entidad_destino-20260414.pdf"
  },
  "pibe_state": {
   "en": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, the state's press release (shares at current prices, growth at constant prices; taxes on products are 100 less the three activities, our arithmetic)",
   "es": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, comunicado de la entidad (participación a precios corrientes, crecimiento a precios constantes; los impuestos a los productos son 100 menos las tres actividades: cálculo propio)",
   "published": "2025-12-05",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2025/pibent/PIBE2024_12_CP_Chih.pdf"
  },
  "wiki_places": {
   "en": "Wikipedia, the city, airport, port and crossing pages (EN and ES), read 3 November 2026",
   "es": "Wikipedia, páginas de ciudades, aeropuertos, puertos y cruces (en inglés y en español), consultadas el 3 de noviembre de 2026",
   "published": "2026-11-03",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  "wiki_identity": {
   "en": "Wikipedia and the pages listed: Chihuahua (state) (en); Chihuahua (es); Ciudad Juárez (en); Autonomous University of Chihuahua (en)",
   "es": "Wikipedia y las páginas citadas: Chihuahua (state) (en); Chihuahua (es); Ciudad Juárez (en); Autonomous University of Chihuahua (en)",
   "published": "2026-11-03",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)"
  },
  "b6c12": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), chapter 12, The Landed Cost and Time to Production, State by State",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026), capítulo 12, el costo puesto en planta y el tiempo a producción, estado por estado",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  }
 }
}