{
 "schema": "rutanamex.state.v1",
 "company": "CONSULTING (Rutanamex)",
 "built_by": "261103 COS120B",
 "checked": "2026-11-03",
 "code": "09",
 "iso": "MX-CMX",
 "slug": "ciudad-de-mexico",
 "name": {
  "en": "Mexico City",
  "es": "Ciudad de México"
 },
 "capital": "n/a (national capital)",
 "accent": "#B49AE0",
 "corridor": {
  "chapter": 16,
  "en": "The Center",
  "es": "El Centro",
  "with": [
   "MX-HID",
   "MX-MEX",
   "MX-MOR",
   "MX-PUE",
   "MX-TLA"
  ],
  "colour": "#B49AE0",
  "book": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), chapter 16",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026) (capítulo 16)"
  }
 },
 "region": {
  "id": "center",
  "chapter": 16,
  "en": "The Center",
  "es": "El Centro",
  "colour": "#B49AE0",
  "book": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), chapter 16",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026) (capítulo 16)"
  }
 },
 "tagline": {
  "en": "Mexico City is Mexico's largest economy and first in competitiveness (IMCO 2026).",
  "es": "La Ciudad de México es la economía más grande de México y primer lugar en competitividad (IMCO 2026)."
 },
 "read": {
  "en": "Mexico City suits a company that keeps managers and engineers here and its plant nearby, and suits poorly a manufacturer hiring inside the metro area, as Chapter 16 argues.",
  "es": "La Ciudad de México le conviene a una empresa que tiene aquí a sus gerentes e ingenieros y su planta cerca, y le conviene poco a un fabricante que contrata dentro de la zona metropolitana, como argumenta el capítulo 16."
 },
 "figures": [
  {
   "key": "population",
   "value": 9165819,
   "unit": "people in private dwellings",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "eic2025"
  },
  {
   "key": "median_age",
   "value": 37.4,
   "unit": "years",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "eic2025"
  },
  {
   "key": "gdp_share",
   "value": 14.98,
   "unit": "% of national output",
   "period": "2024",
   "src": "pibe",
   "derived": true
  },
  {
   "key": "exports_2025",
   "value": 3763.6,
   "unit": "million US$",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "etef2025",
   "derived": true
  },
  {
   "key": "formal_jobs",
   "value": 3677103,
   "unit": "private formal jobs",
   "period": "2026-07",
   "src": "lokus",
   "change_pct": 3.3
  },
  {
   "key": "informality",
   "value": 45.3,
   "unit": "% of the employed",
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "enoe",
   "national": 55.1
  },
  {
   "key": "area_km2",
   "value": 1494.3,
   "unit": "km2",
   "period": "2016",
   "src": "wiki_area"
  },
  {
   "key": "unemployment",
   "value": 4.2,
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "enoe",
   "national": 2.7,
   "rank": 1
  },
  {
   "key": "daily_wage",
   "value": 800.44,
   "period": "2026-07",
   "src": "lokus",
   "national": 673.9,
   "rank": 1,
   "unit": "pesos a day"
  },
  {
   "key": "exports_q2_2026",
   "value": 731.8,
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "etef609",
   "national": 195260.7,
   "change_pct": -10.1,
   "unit": "million US$"
  },
  {
   "key": "fdi_2025",
   "value": 22381.3,
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "se_rnie",
   "national": 40870.8,
   "unit": "million US$"
  },
  {
   "key": "imco_rank",
   "value": 1,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "imco",
   "rank": 1
  },
  {
   "key": "payroll_tax",
   "value": 4.0,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "payroll",
   "unit": "% of payroll"
  },
  {
   "key": "advisory_level",
   "value": 2,
   "period": "2026-05",
   "src": "peace"
  },
  {
   "key": "business_crime",
   "value": 3126,
   "period": "2023",
   "src": "enve",
   "national": 2722
  },
  {
   "key": "activity_q1_2026",
   "value": 0.3,
   "unit": "% change on a year",
   "period": "Q1 2026",
   "src": "itaee"
  }
 ],
 "sectors": {
  "period": "2024",
  "src": "pibe_state",
  "parts": [
   {
    "en": "Services",
    "es": "Servicios",
    "pct": 83.5,
    "growth": 2.5
   },
   {
    "en": "Industry: manufacturing, construction, energy, mining",
    "es": "Industria: manufactura, construcción, energía, minería",
    "pct": 9.4,
    "growth": -1.0
   },
   {
    "en": "Agriculture, livestock, fishing",
    "es": "Agricultura, ganadería, pesca",
    "pct": 0.0,
    "growth": 7.7
   },
   {
    "en": "Taxes on products, net",
    "es": "Impuestos netos a los productos",
    "pct": 7.1,
    "derived": true
   }
  ]
 },
 "places": [
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Mexico City",
   "lat": 19.4325,
   "lon": -99.13111,
   "es_name": "Ciudad de México",
   "en": "The capital: 9,209,944 people (2020)",
   "es": "La capital: 9,209,944 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Iztapalapa",
   "lat": 19.35833,
   "lon": -99.09306,
   "es_name": "Iztapalapa",
   "en": "Borough (alcaldía): 1,835,486 people (2020)",
   "es": "Alcaldía: 1,835,486 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iztapalapa"
  },
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Gustavo A. Madero",
   "lat": 19.48222,
   "lon": -99.1125,
   "es_name": "Gustavo A. Madero",
   "en": "Borough (alcaldía): 1,173,351 people (2020)",
   "es": "Alcaldía: 1,173,351 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_A._Madero,_Mexico_City"
  },
  {
   "kind": "airport",
   "name": "Benito Juárez International Airport",
   "es_name": "Aeropuerto Internacional Benito Juárez",
   "code": "MEX",
   "lat": 19.43611,
   "lon": -99.07194,
   "en": "International airport (MEX) · 44,605,800 passengers in 2025",
   "es": "Aeropuerto internacional (MEX) · 44,605,800 pasajeros en 2025",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City_International_Airport"
  },
  {
   "kind": "rail",
   "name": "CPKC (Kansas City Southern de México), 5,335 km",
   "en": "Rail line serving the state",
   "es": "Línea de ferrocarril que sirve al estado",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas_City_Southern_de_México"
  },
  {
   "kind": "power",
   "name": "Power and water",
   "es_name": "Electricidad y agua",
   "en": "CFE’s base-hour industrial charge in Valle de México Norte was 0.9125 pesos per kilowatt-hour in March 2026, the second-highest of 10 regions. The city came close to a water “day zero” in 2024.",
   "es": "El cargo industrial de la CFE en horario base en el Valle de México Norte, de 0.9125 pesos por kilowatt-hora en marzo de 2026, fue el segundo más alto de las 10 regiones. La ciudad estuvo cerca de un “día cero” de agua en 2024.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  },
  {
   "kind": "logistics",
   "name": "Logistics and crossings",
   "es_name": "Logística y cruces",
   "en": "It heads the trunk highway and railway to Laredo, near buyers, far from the border.",
   "es": "Es el punto de partida de la carretera troncal y del ferrocarril a Laredo, cerca de los compradores y lejos de la frontera.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  },
  {
   "kind": "park",
   "name": "Development pole",
   "es_name": "Polo de desarrollo",
   "en": "No pole was declared in Mexico City; the nearest, Nezahualcóyotl, was declared on August 7, 2025.",
   "es": "No se declaró ningún polo en la Ciudad de México; el más cercano, Nezahualcóyotl, se declaró el 7 de agosto de 2025.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  }
 ],
 "investors": [],
 "text": {
  "identity": {
   "en": "Mexico-Tenochtitlan was founded by the Mexica in 1325 or 1327, and after Cuauhtémoc's surrender in August 1521 the city became the capital of New Spain. On 21 September 1551 a royal decree created the Royal and Pontifical University, regarded as the forerunner of UNAM, which took its modern form on 22 September 1910; its Ciudad Universitaria campus became a World Heritage Site in 2007. In 1980 half of Mexico's industrial jobs were in the city, but most factories later moved to the State of Mexico or, more often, the northern border. Between 1960 and 1980 the population more than doubled, to nearly nine million, and the 2020 census counted 9,209,944 residents. Nahuatl, Otomi, Mixtec, Zapotec and Mazahua are its most spoken Indigenous languages.",
   "es": "La fundación de México-Tenochtitlan se sitúa tradicionalmente el 13 de marzo de 1325, aunque no hay consenso sobre la fecha. En 1521 Hernán Cortés decidió levantar sobre ella la capital de la Nueva España, y en 1535 fue declarada capital del virreinato. Con 1,495 km², es la entidad más pequeña del país. En 1980 la ciudad concentraba la mitad de los empleos industriales de México, aunque después muchas fábricas se mudaron al Estado de México y a la frontera norte. El censo de 2020 contó 9,209,944 habitantes. La UNAM tiene su antecedente en la Real y Pontificia Universidad, creada por cédula real el 21 de septiembre de 1551. El centro histórico y Xochimilco, junto con el campus central de Ciudad Universitaria, son Patrimonio de la Humanidad."
  },
  "industry": {
   "en": "The capital is a headquarters and market more than a plant site, and IMCO’s 2026 index ranked it first but 28th in rule of law.",
   "es": "La capital es más un lugar de corporativos y un mercado que un sitio para plantas, y el índice 2026 del IMCO la colocó en primer lugar, pero en el 28 en estado de derecho."
  },
  "people": {
   "en": "The capital had about 3,677,000 IMSS-registered formal jobs in July 2026, the most of the 32, up 3.3%, per Lokus Data. Unemployment was 4.2% in the second quarter of 2026, the highest in the country, compared with 2.7% nationally (INEGI).",
   "es": "La capital tenía cerca de 3,677,000 empleos formales registrados en el IMSS en julio de 2026, la mayor cifra de las 32, 3.3% más, según Lokus Data. El desempleo fue de 4.2% en el segundo trimestre de 2026, el más alto del país, frente a 2.7 nacional (INEGI)."
  },
  "wages": {
   "en": "The average daily contribution wage was 800.44 pesos in July 2026, the highest of the 32, compared with a national average of 673.9 pesos for all IMSS-insured workers.",
   "es": "El salario base de cotización promedio diario fue de 800.44 pesos en julio de 2026, el más alto de las 32, frente a un 673.9 nacional que cubre a todos los trabajadores asegurados en el IMSS."
  },
  "security": {
   "en": "INEGI counted 3,126 victimized businesses per 10,000 in 2023, compared with 2,722 nationally, and 9,593 crimes per 10,000, the third-highest. The USA advisory of May 29, 2026, sets Level 2.",
   "es": "El INEGI contó 3,126 unidades económicas víctimas de delito por cada 10,000 en 2023, frente a 2,722 nacional, y 9,593 delitos por cada 10,000, la tercera cifra más alta. La alerta de viaje de Estados Unidos del 29 de mayo de 2026 le asigna el nivel 2."
  },
  "government": {
   "en": "Payroll tax is 4.0% in 2026, against 3.0% next door (BHR). The World Bank ranked the city last of 32 for construction permits in 2016.",
   "es": "El impuesto sobre nóminas es de 4.0% en 2026, frente a 3.0 al lado (BHR). El Banco Mundial colocó a la ciudad en el último lugar de 32 en permisos de construcción en 2016."
  },
  "suits": {
   "en": "The Center suits a company whose customers are in Mexico: distribution, food, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, and suppliers to the Puebla auto plants. It suits a company that wants its managers, engineers, and buyers where the talent and offices are, in Mexico City, with a plant nearby in Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, or the Toluca corridor, where average formal wages run about 24% to 30% lower, and the labor pool is largely informal. It suits less well a plant that needs a large volume of water, in the corridor Chapter 7 finds tightest, with tanker supply regulated away, or a company shipping high-value goods by road to Texas, whose trucks start in the two states at the top of every cargo-theft count. It suits poorly a manufacturer hoping to hire inside the metro area against the logistics operators building fastest there.",
   "es": "El Centro le conviene a una empresa, mexicana o extranjera, cuyos clientes están en México: distribución, alimentos, farmacéutica, bienes de consumo y proveedores de las plantas automotrices de Puebla. Le conviene a una empresa que quiere a sus gerentes, ingenieros y compradores donde están el talento y las oficinas, en la Ciudad de México, con su planta cerca, en Hidalgo, Tlaxcala o el corredor de Toluca, donde los salarios formales promedio son de 24 a 30% más bajos y la mano de obra disponible es en buena parte informal. Le conviene menos a una planta que necesita un gran volumen de agua, en el corredor que el capítulo 7 encuentra más apretado, con el abasto por pipa regulado a la baja, o a una empresa que manda por carretera a Texas mercancía de alto valor, cuyos camiones arrancan en los dos estados que encabezan cada conteo de robo de carga. Le conviene poco a un fabricante que espera contratar en la zona metropolitana, frente a los operadores logísticos que construyen más rápido ahí."
  },
  "check": {
   "en": [
    "Check the route before the site: the highway from the candidate park to the customer or the border, its record of cargo theft, and the security the carriers will price.",
    "Confirm the water source in writing, including its title and volume, and don’t rely on tanker supply.",
    "Check which side of the Mexico City line the building sits, because the payroll tax changes with it.",
    "Check the submarket’s vacancy and construction, because averages hide the boom north of the city.",
    "At the poles, check what has been placed against what was announced, and who will govern the state when the next phase is due.",
    "And check who else is hiring within a bus ride of the site, because in the Center the competitor for workers is as likely to be a warehouse as a plant."
   ],
   "es": [
    "Revise la ruta antes que el sitio: la carretera del parque candidato al cliente o a la frontera, su historial de robo de carga y la seguridad que van a cobrar los transportistas.",
    "Revise por escrito la fuente de agua, con su título y su volumen, y no cuente con el abasto por pipa.",
    "Revise de qué lado de la línea de la Ciudad de México queda la nave, porque el impuesto sobre nóminas cambia con ella.",
    "Revise la desocupación y la construcción del submercado, porque los promedios esconden el auge al norte de la ciudad.",
    "En los polos, revise lo que se ha colocado frente a lo que se anunció, y quién va a gobernar el estado cuando toque la siguiente etapa.",
    "Y revise quién más está contratando a un viaje en camión del sitio, porque en el Centro el competidor por los trabajadores puede ser una bodega tanto como una planta."
   ]
  }
 },
 "landed": [
  {
   "en": "The same method puts Mexico City’s labor line above Monterrey’s and Jalisco’s below it."
  },
  {
   "en": "Solili, a listing platform, put Mexico City at 10.37 and Tijuana at 8.67 in May 2026, and Guanajuato at 5.44 in August."
  }
 ],
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "ciudad-de-mexico-1.webp",
   "kind": "photo",
   "w": 1000,
   "h": 400,
   "title": "Sobrevuelos CDMX HJ2A4913 (25514321687) (cropped)",
   "author": "Gobierno CDMX",
   "license": "CC0",
   "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en",
   "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sobrevuelos_CDMX_HJ2A4913_(25514321687)_(cropped).jpg",
   "date": "2018-02-04",
   "alt": {
    "en": "Mexico City from the air",
    "es": "La Ciudad de México desde el aire"
   },
   "caption": {
    "en": "Mexico City from the air",
    "es": "La Ciudad de México desde el aire"
   }
  },
  {
   "file": "ciudad-de-mexico-2.webp",
   "kind": "photo",
   "w": 820,
   "h": 546,
   "title": "Blick auf den Paseo de la Reforma",
   "author": "Fernando Flores",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0",
   "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blick_auf_den_Paseo_de_la_Reforma.jpg",
   "date": "2022-03-27",
   "alt": {
    "en": "Paseo de la Reforma from Chapultepec Castle",
    "es": "Paseo de la Reforma desde el Castillo de Chapultepec"
   },
   "caption": {
    "en": "Paseo de la Reforma from Chapultepec Castle",
    "es": "Paseo de la Reforma desde el Castillo de Chapultepec"
   }
  }
 ],
 "sources": {
  "eic2025": {
   "en": "INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025 (people in private dwellings; median age from the tabulates)",
   "es": "INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025 (población en viviendas particulares; edad mediana de los tabulados)",
   "published": "2026-09-22",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/intercensal/2025/"
  },
  "pibe": {
   "en": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, current prices; share our arithmetic over the national 33,506,847 million pesos",
   "es": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, precios corrientes; participación: cálculo propio sobre el total nacional de 33,506,847 millones de pesos",
   "published": "2025-12-05",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/pibent/"
  },
  "etef2025": {
   "en": "INEGI, Exportaciones Trimestrales por Entidad Federativa, the four quarters of 2025 summed (our arithmetic), preliminary",
   "es": "INEGI, Exportaciones Trimestrales por Entidad Federativa, suma de los cuatro trimestres de 2025 (cálculo propio), cifras preliminares",
   "published": "2026-03-31",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/exportacionesef/"
  },
  "wiki_area": {
   "en": "Wikipedia, List of states of Mexico, citing INEGI (continental area, 2016)",
   "es": "Wikipedia, List of states of Mexico, citando al INEGI (superficie continental, 2016)",
   "published": "2026-10-22",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico"
  },
  "b6p5": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), Part V, with the sources listed there",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026), quinta parte, con las fuentes que ahí se citan",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  },
  "enoe": {
   "en": "INEGI, ENOE second quarter 2026, bulletin 503/26",
   "es": "INEGI, ENOE segundo trimestre de 2026, boletín 503/26",
   "published": "2026-08-25",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2026/enoe/enoe2026_08.pdf"
  },
  "lokus": {
   "en": "IMSS open data as processed by Lokus Data (private formal jobs and average daily contribution wage; the national wage of 673.9 pesos covers all IMSS-insured workers)",
   "es": "Datos abiertos del IMSS procesados por Lokus Data (empleo formal privado y salario diario promedio de cotización; el salario nacional de 673.9 pesos cubre a todos los asegurados del IMSS)",
   "published": "2026-07",
   "url": "https://plataforma.lokusdata.com/salarios/"
  },
  "b6c16": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), chapter 16, The Center, with the sources listed there",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026), capítulo 16, El Centro, con las fuentes que ahí se citan",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  },
  "etef609": {
   "en": "INEGI, quarterly state exports, bulletin 609/26",
   "es": "INEGI, exportaciones trimestrales por entidad federativa, boletín 609/26",
   "published": "2026-09-30",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/exportacionesef/"
  },
  "se_rnie": {
   "en": "Secretaría de Economía, foreign direct investment by state of destination, as reproduced by the Chamber of Deputies, Gaceta Parlamentaria",
   "es": "Secretaría de Economía, inversión extranjera directa por entidad de destino, reproducida por la Cámara de Diputados, Gaceta Parlamentaria",
   "published": "2026-04-14",
   "url": "https://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/66/2026/abr/Inv.Ext.Entidad_destino-20260414.pdf"
  },
  "imco": {
   "en": "IMCO, Índice de Competitividad Estatal 2026",
   "es": "IMCO, Índice de Competitividad Estatal 2026",
   "published": "2026-09-21",
   "url": "https://imco.org.mx/"
  },
  "payroll": {
   "en": "BHR, bulletin on state payroll-tax rates for 2026",
   "es": "BHR, boletín sobre las tasas del impuesto sobre nóminas de 2026",
   "published": "2026-01",
   "url": "https://www.bhrmx.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/PRIMEROS-ESCENARIOS-ESTATALES-CON-AUMENTOS-EN-LA-TASA-DEL-ISN-PARA-2026.pdf"
  },
  "peace": {
   "en": "Institute for Economics and Peace, Mexico Peace Index 2026; USA Department of State travel advisory of 29 May 2026",
   "es": "Institute for Economics and Peace, Índice de Paz México 2026; alerta de viaje del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos del 29 de mayo de 2026",
   "published": "2026-05-29",
   "url": "https://www.visionofhumanity.org/"
  },
  "enve": {
   "en": "INEGI, ENVE 2024 (businesses victimized in 2023, per 10,000)",
   "es": "INEGI, ENVE 2024 (unidades económicas víctimas de delito en 2023, por cada 10,000)",
   "published": "2024-12-10",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enve/2024/"
  },
  "itaee": {
   "en": "INEGI, ITAEE first quarter 2026 (change on a year)",
   "es": "INEGI, ITAEE primer trimestre de 2026 (cambio anual)",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/itaee/"
  },
  "pibe_state": {
   "en": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, the state's press release (shares at current prices, growth at constant prices; taxes on products are 100 less the three activities, our arithmetic)",
   "es": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, comunicado de la entidad (participación a precios corrientes, crecimiento a precios constantes; los impuestos a los productos son 100 menos las tres actividades: cálculo propio)",
   "published": "2025-12-05",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2025/pibent/PIBE2024_12_CP_CdMx.pdf"
  },
  "wiki_places": {
   "en": "Wikipedia, the city, airport, port and crossing pages (EN and ES), read 3 November 2026",
   "es": "Wikipedia, páginas de ciudades, aeropuertos, puertos y cruces (en inglés y en español), consultadas el 3 de noviembre de 2026",
   "published": "2026-11-03",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  "wiki_identity": {
   "en": "Wikipedia and the pages listed: Mexico City (en); Ciudad de México (es); Economy of Mexico City (en); National Autonomous University of Mexico (en)",
   "es": "Wikipedia y las páginas citadas: Mexico City (en); Ciudad de México (es); Economy of Mexico City (en); National Autonomous University of Mexico (en)",
   "published": "2026-11-03",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_City"
  },
  "b6c12": {
   "en": "Where to Go in Mexico (Connected Continents Press, 2026), chapter 12, The Landed Cost and Time to Production, State by State",
   "es": "Dónde ubicarse en México (Connected Continents Press, 2026), capítulo 12, el costo puesto en planta y el tiempo a producción, estado por estado",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  }
 }
}