{
 "schema": "rutanamex.state.v1",
 "company": "CONSULTING (Rutanamex)",
 "built_by": "261103 COS120B",
 "checked": "2026-11-03",
 "code": "15",
 "iso": "MX-MEX",
 "slug": "estado-de-mexico",
 "name": {
  "en": "State of Mexico",
  "es": "Estado de México"
 },
 "capital": "Toluca",
 "accent": "#B49AE0",
 "corridor": {
  "chapter": 16,
  "en": "The Center",
  "es": "El Centro",
  "with": [
   "MX-CMX",
   "MX-HID",
   "MX-MOR",
   "MX-PUE",
   "MX-TLA"
  ],
  "colour": "#B49AE0",
  "book": {
   "en": "Book 6, Where to Go in Mexico, chapter 16",
   "es": "Libro 6, Dónde ubicarse en México (capítulo 16)"
  }
 },
 "tagline": {
  "en": "State of Mexico is Mexico's second-largest economy, its tenth-largest exporter and third for foreign investment.",
  "es": "El Estado de México es la segunda economía más grande de México, el décimo exportador y tercer lugar en inversión extranjera."
 },
 "read": {
  "en": "The Estado de México suits a plant serving the capital’s market from the Toluca corridor, and suits less well a heavy water user or a road shipper to Texas.",
  "es": "El Estado de México le conviene a una planta que sirve al mercado de la capital desde el corredor de Toluca, y le conviene menos a un gran usuario de agua o a quien embarca por carretera a Texas."
 },
 "figures": [
  {
   "key": "population",
   "value": 17561797,
   "unit": "people in private dwellings",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "eic2025"
  },
  {
   "key": "median_age",
   "value": 32.7,
   "unit": "years",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "eic2025"
  },
  {
   "key": "gdp_share",
   "value": 9.11,
   "unit": "% of national output",
   "period": "2024",
   "src": "pibe",
   "derived": true
  },
  {
   "key": "exports_2025",
   "value": 21823.3,
   "unit": "million US$",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "etef2025",
   "derived": true
  },
  {
   "key": "formal_jobs",
   "value": 2042698,
   "unit": "private formal jobs",
   "period": "2026-07",
   "src": "lokus",
   "change_pct": 3.8
  },
  {
   "key": "informality",
   "value": 55.3,
   "unit": "% of the employed",
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "enoe",
   "national": 55.1
  },
  {
   "key": "area_km2",
   "value": 22351.8,
   "unit": "km2",
   "period": "2016",
   "src": "wiki_area"
  },
  {
   "key": "daily_wage",
   "value": 608.67,
   "period": "2026-07",
   "src": "lokus",
   "national": 673.9,
   "unit": "pesos a day"
  },
  {
   "key": "exports_q2_2026",
   "value": 5981.0,
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "etef609",
   "national": 195260.7,
   "change_pct": 12.6,
   "unit": "million US$"
  },
  {
   "key": "fdi_2025",
   "value": 3279.3,
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "se_rnie",
   "national": 40870.8,
   "rank": 3,
   "unit": "million US$"
  },
  {
   "key": "imco_rank",
   "value": 19,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "imco",
   "rank": 19
  },
  {
   "key": "payroll_tax",
   "value": 3.0,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "payroll",
   "unit": "% of payroll"
  },
  {
   "key": "advisory_level",
   "value": 2,
   "period": "2026-05",
   "src": "peace"
  },
  {
   "key": "business_crime",
   "value": 3005,
   "period": "2023",
   "src": "enve",
   "national": 2722
  },
  {
   "key": "activity_q1_2026",
   "value": 1.7,
   "unit": "% change on a year",
   "period": "Q1 2026",
   "src": "itaee"
  }
 ],
 "sectors": null,
 "places": [
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Toluca",
   "lat": 19.29222,
   "lon": -99.65389,
   "es_name": "Toluca",
   "en": "The capital: 223,876 people (2020)",
   "es": "La capital: 223,876 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Ecatepec",
   "lat": 19.60972,
   "lon": -99.06,
   "es_name": "Ecatepec",
   "en": "City: 1,643,623 people (2020)",
   "es": "Ciudad: 1,643,623 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Nezahualcóyotl",
   "lat": 19.39972,
   "lon": -98.98944,
   "es_name": "Nezahualcóyotl",
   "en": "City: 1,072,676 people (2020)",
   "es": "Ciudad: 1,072,676 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  {
   "kind": "airport",
   "name": "Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos International Airport (Toluca)",
   "es_name": "Aeropuerto Internacional Licenciado Adolfo López Mateos (Toluca)",
   "code": "TLC",
   "lat": 19.33694,
   "lon": -99.56583,
   "en": "International airport (TLC) · 1,927,498 passengers in 2025",
   "es": "Aeropuerto internacional (TLC) · 1,927,498 pasajeros en 2025",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluca_International_Airport"
  },
  {
   "kind": "airport",
   "name": "Felipe Ángeles International Airport (Zumpango)",
   "es_name": "Aeropuerto Internacional Felipe Ángeles (Zumpango)",
   "code": "NLU",
   "lat": 19.75667,
   "lon": -99.01528,
   "en": "International airport (NLU) · 7,079,040 passengers in 2025",
   "es": "Aeropuerto internacional (NLU) · 7,079,040 pasajeros en 2025",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Ángeles_International_Airport"
  },
  {
   "kind": "power",
   "name": "Power and water",
   "es_name": "Electricidad y agua",
   "en": "CFE’s base-hour industrial charge in its Valle de México Norte division, which serves the northern metropolitan area, was 0.9125 pesos per kilowatt-hour in March 2026; a different CFE division serves the Toluca corridor, so ask for that division’s tariff. Toluca’s aquifer is closed to growth, and tanker supply is being regulated.",
   "es": "El cargo industrial de la CFE en horario base en el Valle de México Norte fue de 0.9125 pesos por kilowatt-hora en marzo de 2026. El acuífero de Toluca está cerrado al crecimiento, y se está regulando el abasto en pipas.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  },
  {
   "kind": "logistics",
   "name": "Logistics and crossings",
   "es_name": "Logística y cruces",
   "en": "Of the 719,000 square meters delivered around the capital in 2025, 64% went to Cuautitlán (CBRE). DHL is building a hub of more than 200,000 square meters at the Felipe Ángeles airport.",
   "es": "De los 719,000 metros cuadrados entregados alrededor de la capital en 2025, el 64% fue a Cuautitlán (CBRE). DHL construye un centro de más de 200,000 metros cuadrados en el aeropuerto Felipe Ángeles.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  },
  {
   "kind": "park",
   "name": "Development pole",
   "es_name": "Polo de desarrollo",
   "en": "Nezahualcóyotl was declared in the Diario Oficial on August 7, 2025.",
   "es": "Nezahualcóyotl se declaró en el Diario Oficial el 7 de agosto de 2025.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  }
 ],
 "investors": [
  {
   "name": "Bosch",
   "date": "2026-05",
   "en": "Bosch’s first Mexican plant is in Toluca, where most of its North American purchasing team works, the company said in May 2026, and an industrial real estate executive described Toluca in August 2026 as pharmaceutical and serving the Mexico City market.",
   "es": "La primera planta de Bosch en México está en Toluca, donde trabaja la mayor parte de su equipo de compras para América del Norte, dijo la empresa en mayo de 2026, y un directivo de bienes raíces industriales describió a Toluca en agosto de 2026 como una ciudad farmacéutica y al servicio del mercado de la Ciudad de México.",
   "src": "b6c16"
  }
 ],
 "text": {
  "identity": {
   "en": "The State of Mexico was the most populous state in 2020, with 16,992,418 people, and in 2005, 39% of its residents had been born elsewhere in Mexico. Its industrial history took off in 1940, when the Naucalpan industrial zone began the spread of the Mexico City metropolitan area into the state. Villa Guerrero grows a large share of Mexico's flowers, Toluca is known for its chorizo, and Metepec potters make the large sculptures called Trees of Life. Five peoples are native: the Mazahua, Otomi, Nahua, Matlatzinca and Tlahuica. The Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México traces its origin to the state's first Instituto Literario, founded in 1828 in what is now Tlalpan, and Chapingo began in 1854 as the National School of Agriculture.",
   "es": "El Estado de México es la entidad más poblada del país: en 2020 tenía 16,992,418 habitantes, el 13.5% de la población nacional, y alrededor de dos tercios vivían en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México. Sus actividades económicas más importantes son la industria automotriz y la textil. Es el mayor productor de flores de corte del país y el primer productor acuícola nacional de trucha y carpa. Mazahuas, otomíes, nahuas, matlatzincas y tlahuicas son sus pueblos originarios. Los chorizos del Valle de Toluca y el árbol de la vida de Metepec son productos propios. La Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México se fundó en 1828 como Instituto Literario del Estado de México, en Tlalpan, y Chapingo nació en 1854 como Escuela Nacional de Agricultura."
  },
  "industry": {
   "en": "The state carries the Center’s industry, with 578,026 IMSS-registered manufacturing jobs in January 2026; Toluca holds Bosch’s first Mexican plant.",
   "es": "El estado sostiene la industria del Centro, con 578,026 empleos manufactureros registrados en el IMSS en enero de 2026; Toluca tiene la primera planta de Bosch en México."
  },
  "people": {
   "en": "It was the most populous state in 2025, with 17.5 million people (INEGI). It had about 2,043,000 IMSS-registered formal jobs in July 2026, up 3.8%, per Lokus Data.",
   "es": "Era el estado más poblado en 2025, con 17.5 millones de personas (INEGI). Tenía cerca de 2,043,000 empleos formales registrados en el IMSS en julio de 2026, 3.8% más, según Lokus Data."
  },
  "wages": {
   "en": "The average daily contribution wage was 608.67 pesos in July 2026, compared with the national average of 673.9 pesos for all IMSS-insured workers.",
   "es": "El salario base de cotización promedio diario fue de 608.67 pesos en julio de 2026, frente a un 673.9 nacional que cubre a todos los trabajadores asegurados en el IMSS."
  },
  "security": {
   "en": "INEGI counted 34,851 adult victims per 100,000 in 2024, the highest (24,135 nationally), and 3,005 victimized businesses per 10,000 in 2023, against 2,722 nationally. Overhaul put 18% of cargo-theft incidents here in the second quarter of 2026. The USA advisory of May 29, 2026, sets Level 2.",
   "es": "El INEGI contó 34,851 víctimas adultas por cada 100,000 en 2024, la cifra más alta (24,135 nacional), y 3,005 unidades económicas víctimas de delito por cada 10,000 en 2023, frente a 2,722 nacional. Overhaul ubicó aquí el 18% de los incidentes de robo de carga en el segundo trimestre de 2026. La alerta de viaje de Estados Unidos del 29 de mayo de 2026 le asigna el nivel 2."
  },
  "government": {
   "en": "Payroll tax is 3.0% in 2026 (BHR); the World Bank ranked the state sixth for construction permits in 2016.",
   "es": "El impuesto sobre nóminas es de 3.0% en 2026 (BHR); el Banco Mundial colocó al estado en sexto lugar en permisos de construcción en 2016."
  },
  "suits": {
   "en": "The Center suits a company whose customers are in Mexico: distribution, food, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, and suppliers to the Puebla auto plants. It suits a company that wants its managers, engineers, and buyers where the talent and offices are, in Mexico City, with a plant nearby in Hidalgo, Tlaxcala, or the Toluca corridor, where average formal wages run about 24% to 30% lower, and the labor pool is largely informal. It suits less well a plant that needs a large volume of water, in the corridor Chapter 7 finds tightest, with tanker supply regulated away, or a company shipping high-value goods by road to Texas, whose trucks start in the two states at the top of every cargo-theft count. It suits poorly a manufacturer hoping to hire inside the metro area against the logistics operators building fastest there.",
   "es": "El Centro le conviene a una empresa, mexicana o extranjera, cuyos clientes están en México: distribución, alimentos, farmacéutica, bienes de consumo y proveedores de las plantas automotrices de Puebla. Le conviene a una empresa que quiere a sus gerentes, ingenieros y compradores donde están el talento y las oficinas, en la Ciudad de México, con su planta cerca, en Hidalgo, Tlaxcala o el corredor de Toluca, donde los salarios formales promedio son de 24 a 30% más bajos y la mano de obra disponible es en buena parte informal. Le conviene menos a una planta que necesita un gran volumen de agua, en el corredor que el capítulo 7 encuentra más apretado, con el abasto por pipa regulado a la baja, o a una empresa que manda por carretera a Texas mercancía de alto valor, cuyos camiones arrancan en los dos estados que encabezan cada conteo de robo de carga. Le conviene poco a un fabricante que espera contratar en la zona metropolitana, frente a los operadores logísticos que construyen más rápido ahí."
  },
  "check": {
   "en": [
    "Check the route before the site: the highway from the candidate park to the customer or the border, its record of cargo theft, and the security the carriers will price.",
    "Confirm the water source in writing, including its title and volume, and don’t rely on tanker supply.",
    "Check which side of the Mexico City line the building sits, because the payroll tax changes with it.",
    "Check the submarket’s vacancy and construction, because averages hide the boom north of the city.",
    "At the poles, check what has been placed against what was announced, and who will govern the state when the next phase is due.",
    "And check who else is hiring within a bus ride of the site, because in the Center the competitor for workers is as likely to be a warehouse as a plant."
   ],
   "es": [
    "Revise la ruta antes que el sitio: la carretera del parque candidato al cliente o a la frontera, su historial de robo de carga y la seguridad que van a cobrar los transportistas.",
    "Revise por escrito la fuente de agua, con su título y su volumen, y no cuente con el abasto por pipa.",
    "Revise de qué lado de la línea de la Ciudad de México queda la nave, porque el impuesto sobre nóminas cambia con ella.",
    "Revise la desocupación y la construcción del submercado, porque los promedios esconden el auge al norte de la ciudad.",
    "En los polos, revise lo que se ha colocado frente a lo que se anunció, y quién va a gobernar el estado cuando toque la siguiente etapa.",
    "Y revise quién más está contratando a un viaje en camión del sitio, porque en el Centro el competidor por los trabajadores puede ser una bodega tanto como una planta."
   ]
  }
 },
 "landed": [],
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "estado-de-mexico-1.webp",
   "kind": "photo",
   "w": 1000,
   "h": 400,
   "title": "Toluca a los pies del nevado",
   "author": "HernanLuna",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0",
   "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toluca_a_los_pies_del_nevado.jpg",
   "date": "2013-03-17",
   "alt": {
    "en": "Toluca below the Nevado volcano",
    "es": "Toluca a los pies del Nevado"
   },
   "caption": {
    "en": "Toluca below the Nevado volcano",
    "es": "Toluca a los pies del Nevado"
   }
  },
  {
   "file": "estado-de-mexico-2.webp",
   "kind": "photo",
   "w": 820,
   "h": 545,
   "title": "ZA77 Teotihuacán edo de mex Herberto de la rosa",
   "author": "Hdlrosa",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0",
   "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ZA77_Teotihuac%C3%A1n_edo_de_mex_Herberto_de_la_rosa.jpg",
   "date": "2008-08-06",
   "alt": {
    "en": "Teotihuacán",
    "es": "Teotihuacán"
   },
   "caption": {
    "en": "Teotihuacán",
    "es": "Teotihuacán"
   }
  }
 ],
 "sources": {
  "eic2025": {
   "en": "INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025 (people in private dwellings; median age from the tabulates)",
   "es": "INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025 (población en viviendas particulares; edad mediana de los tabulados)",
   "published": "2026-09-22",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/intercensal/2025/"
  },
  "pibe": {
   "en": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, current prices; share our arithmetic over the national 33,506,847 million pesos",
   "es": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, precios corrientes; participación: cálculo propio sobre el total nacional de 33,506,847 millones de pesos",
   "published": "2025-12-05",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/pibent/"
  },
  "etef2025": {
   "en": "INEGI, Exportaciones Trimestrales por Entidad Federativa, the four quarters of 2025 summed (our arithmetic), preliminary",
   "es": "INEGI, Exportaciones Trimestrales por Entidad Federativa, suma de los cuatro trimestres de 2025 (cálculo propio), cifras preliminares",
   "published": "2026-03-31",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/exportacionesef/"
  },
  "wiki_area": {
   "en": "Wikipedia, List of states of Mexico, citing INEGI (continental area, 2016)",
   "es": "Wikipedia, List of states of Mexico, citando al INEGI (superficie continental, 2016)",
   "published": "2026-10-22",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico"
  },
  "b6p5": {
   "en": "Book 6, Where to Go in Mexico, Part V, with the sources listed there",
   "es": "Libro 6, Dónde ubicarse en México, quinta parte, con las fuentes que ahí se citan",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  },
  "enoe": {
   "en": "INEGI, ENOE second quarter 2026, bulletin 503/26, as compiled in Book 6, Part V",
   "es": "INEGI, ENOE segundo trimestre de 2026, boletín 503/26, según la compilación del Libro 6, quinta parte",
   "published": "2026-08-25",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2026/enoe/enoe2026_08.pdf"
  },
  "lokus": {
   "en": "IMSS open data as processed by Lokus Data (private formal jobs and average daily contribution wage; the national wage of 673.9 pesos covers all IMSS-insured workers), as compiled in Book 6",
   "es": "Datos abiertos del IMSS procesados por Lokus Data (empleo formal privado y salario diario promedio de cotización; el salario nacional de 673.9 pesos cubre a todos los asegurados del IMSS), según el Libro 6",
   "published": "2026-07",
   "url": "https://plataforma.lokusdata.com/salarios/"
  },
  "b6c16": {
   "en": "Book 6, Where to Go in Mexico, chapter 16, The Center, with the sources listed there",
   "es": "Libro 6, Dónde ubicarse en México, capítulo 16, El Centro, con las fuentes que ahí se citan",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  },
  "etef609": {
   "en": "INEGI, quarterly state exports, bulletin 609/26, as compiled in Book 6",
   "es": "INEGI, exportaciones trimestrales por entidad federativa, boletín 609/26, según el Libro 6",
   "published": "2026-09-30",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/exportacionesef/"
  },
  "se_rnie": {
   "en": "Secretaría de Economía, foreign direct investment by state of destination, as reproduced by the Chamber of Deputies, Gaceta Parlamentaria",
   "es": "Secretaría de Economía, inversión extranjera directa por entidad de destino, reproducida por la Cámara de Diputados, Gaceta Parlamentaria",
   "published": "2026-04-14",
   "url": "https://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/66/2026/abr/Inv.Ext.Entidad_destino-20260414.pdf"
  },
  "imco": {
   "en": "IMCO, Índice de Competitividad Estatal 2026",
   "es": "IMCO, Índice de Competitividad Estatal 2026",
   "published": "2026-09-21",
   "url": "https://imco.org.mx/"
  },
  "payroll": {
   "en": "BHR, bulletin on state payroll-tax rates for 2026, as compiled in Book 6",
   "es": "BHR, boletín sobre las tasas del impuesto sobre nóminas de 2026, según el Libro 6",
   "published": "2026-01",
   "url": "https://www.bhrmx.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/PRIMEROS-ESCENARIOS-ESTATALES-CON-AUMENTOS-EN-LA-TASA-DEL-ISN-PARA-2026.pdf"
  },
  "peace": {
   "en": "Institute for Economics and Peace, Mexico Peace Index 2026; USA Department of State travel advisory of 29 May 2026",
   "es": "Institute for Economics and Peace, Índice de Paz México 2026; alerta de viaje del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos del 29 de mayo de 2026",
   "published": "2026-05-29",
   "url": "https://www.visionofhumanity.org/"
  },
  "enve": {
   "en": "INEGI, ENVE 2024 (businesses victimized in 2023, per 10,000)",
   "es": "INEGI, ENVE 2024 (unidades económicas víctimas de delito en 2023, por cada 10,000)",
   "published": "2024-12-10",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enve/2024/"
  },
  "itaee": {
   "en": "INEGI, ITAEE first quarter 2026 (change on a year), from Book 6, Figure VII.18",
   "es": "INEGI, ITAEE primer trimestre de 2026 (cambio anual), del Libro 6, figura VII.18",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/itaee/"
  },
  "wiki_places": {
   "en": "Wikipedia, the city, airport, port and crossing pages (EN and ES), read 3 November 2026",
   "es": "Wikipedia, páginas de ciudades, aeropuertos, puertos y cruces (en inglés y en español), consultadas el 3 de noviembre de 2026",
   "published": "2026-11-03",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  "wiki_identity": {
   "en": "Wikipedia and the pages listed: State of Mexico (en); Estado de México (es)",
   "es": "Wikipedia y las páginas citadas: State of Mexico (en); Estado de México (es)",
   "published": "2026-11-03",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Mexico"
  }
 }
}