{
 "schema": "rutanamex.state.v1",
 "company": "CONSULTING (Rutanamex)",
 "built_by": "261103 COS120B",
 "checked": "2026-11-03",
 "code": "20",
 "iso": "MX-OAX",
 "slug": "oaxaca",
 "name": {
  "en": "Oaxaca",
  "es": "Oaxaca"
 },
 "capital": "Oaxaca de Juárez",
 "accent": "#F28FB1",
 "corridor": {
  "chapter": 20,
  "en": "The Deep South: Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas",
  "es": "El sur profundo: Guerrero, Oaxaca y Chiapas",
  "with": [
   "MX-CHP",
   "MX-GRO"
  ],
  "colour": "#F28FB1",
  "book": {
   "en": "Book 6, Where to Go in Mexico, chapter 20",
   "es": "Libro 6, Dónde ubicarse en México (capítulo 20)"
  }
 },
 "tagline": {
  "en": "Oaxaca's first export fortune was red: cochineal, a dye from an insect that lives on the nopal cactus, shipped to Europe especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, until cheaper dyes displaced it in the 19th.",
  "es": "La grana cochinilla, insecto del nopal que da un tinte rojo, fue la base de la economía colonial de Oaxaca, y su producción solo fue superada por la de la plata."
 },
 "read": {
  "en": "The Isthmus suits a patient company wanting concession land and a rail bridge to the Pacific; the interior waits on power and roads.",
  "es": "El Istmo le conviene a una empresa paciente que quiere tierra en concesión y un puente ferroviario al Pacífico; el interior espera la energía y las carreteras."
 },
 "figures": [
  {
   "key": "population",
   "value": 4150277,
   "unit": "people in private dwellings",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "eic2025"
  },
  {
   "key": "median_age",
   "value": 31.8,
   "unit": "years",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "eic2025"
  },
  {
   "key": "gdp_share",
   "value": 1.88,
   "unit": "% of national output",
   "period": "2024",
   "src": "pibe",
   "derived": true
  },
  {
   "key": "exports_2025",
   "value": 1336.8,
   "unit": "million US$",
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "etef2025",
   "derived": true
  },
  {
   "key": "formal_jobs",
   "value": 241108,
   "unit": "private formal jobs",
   "period": "2026-07",
   "src": "lokus",
   "change_pct": 5.8
  },
  {
   "key": "informality",
   "value": 80.1,
   "unit": "% of the employed",
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "enoe",
   "national": 55.1
  },
  {
   "key": "area_km2",
   "value": 93757.6,
   "unit": "km2",
   "period": "2016",
   "src": "wiki_area"
  },
  {
   "key": "unemployment",
   "value": 0.8,
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "enoe",
   "national": 2.7,
   "rank": 32
  },
  {
   "key": "daily_wage",
   "value": 554.49,
   "period": "2026-07",
   "src": "lokus",
   "national": 673.9,
   "unit": "pesos a day"
  },
  {
   "key": "exports_q2_2026",
   "value": 428.8,
   "period": "Q2 2026",
   "src": "etef609",
   "national": 195260.7,
   "unit": "million US$"
  },
  {
   "key": "fdi_2025",
   "value": 5.6,
   "period": "2025",
   "src": "se_rnie",
   "national": 40870.8,
   "unit": "million US$"
  },
  {
   "key": "imco_rank",
   "value": 31,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "imco",
   "rank": 31
  },
  {
   "key": "payroll_tax",
   "value": 3.0,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "payroll",
   "unit": "% of payroll"
  },
  {
   "key": "mpi_rank",
   "value": 8,
   "period": "2026",
   "src": "peace",
   "rank": 8
  },
  {
   "key": "advisory_level",
   "value": 2,
   "period": "2026-05",
   "src": "peace"
  },
  {
   "key": "business_crime",
   "value": 1810,
   "period": "2023",
   "src": "enve",
   "national": 2722
  },
  {
   "key": "activity_q1_2026",
   "value": -2.8,
   "unit": "% change on a year",
   "period": "Q1 2026",
   "src": "itaee"
  }
 ],
 "sectors": {
  "period": "2024",
  "src": "pibe_state",
  "parts": [
   {
    "en": "Services",
    "es": "Servicios",
    "pct": 55.5,
    "growth": 1.3
   },
   {
    "en": "Industry: manufacturing, construction, energy, mining",
    "es": "Industria: manufactura, construcción, energía, minería",
    "pct": 35.3,
    "growth": 13.7
   },
   {
    "en": "Agriculture, livestock, fishing",
    "es": "Agricultura, ganadería, pesca",
    "pct": 4.5,
    "growth": 1.4
   },
   {
    "en": "Taxes on products, net",
    "es": "Impuestos netos a los productos",
    "pct": 4.7,
    "derived": true
   }
  ]
 },
 "places": [
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Oaxaca de Juárez",
   "lat": 17.06778,
   "lon": -96.72,
   "es_name": "Oaxaca de Juárez",
   "en": "The capital: 258,913 people (2020)",
   "es": "La capital: 258,913 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec",
   "lat": 18.08694,
   "lon": -96.125,
   "es_name": "San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec",
   "en": "City: 103,609 people (2020)",
   "es": "Ciudad: 103,609 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Juan_Bautista_Tuxtepec"
  },
  {
   "kind": "city",
   "name": "Juchitán de Zaragoza",
   "lat": 16.433,
   "lon": -95.017,
   "es_name": "Juchitán de Zaragoza",
   "en": "City: 88,280 people (2020)",
   "es": "Ciudad: 88,280 habitantes (2020)",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juchitán_de_Zaragoza"
  },
  {
   "kind": "airport",
   "name": "Xoxocotlán International Airport",
   "es_name": "Aeropuerto Internacional Xoxocotlán",
   "code": "OAX",
   "lat": 17.0,
   "lon": -96.72667,
   "en": "International airport (OAX) · 1,870,913 passengers in 2025",
   "es": "Aeropuerto internacional (OAX) · 1,870,913 pasajeros en 2025",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca_International_Airport"
  },
  {
   "kind": "airport",
   "name": "Bahías de Huatulco International Airport",
   "es_name": "Aeropuerto Internacional Bahías de Huatulco",
   "code": "HUX",
   "lat": 15.77528,
   "lon": -96.2625,
   "en": "International airport (HUX) · 804,891 passengers in 2025",
   "es": "Aeropuerto internacional (HUX) · 804,891 pasajeros en 2025",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahías_de_Huatulco_International_Airport"
  },
  {
   "kind": "airport",
   "name": "Puerto Escondido International Airport",
   "es_name": "Aeropuerto Internacional Puerto Escondido",
   "code": "PXM",
   "lat": 15.87667,
   "lon": -97.08889,
   "en": "International airport (PXM) · 948,590 passengers in 2025",
   "es": "Aeropuerto internacional (PXM) · 948,590 pasajeros en 2025",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Escondido_International_Airport"
  },
  {
   "kind": "port",
   "name": "Port of Salina Cruz",
   "es_name": "Puerto de Salina Cruz",
   "lat": 16.167,
   "lon": -95.2,
   "en": "Commercial seaport",
   "es": "Puerto marítimo comercial",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Salina_Cruz"
  },
  {
   "kind": "rail",
   "name": "Interoceanic Corridor (Isthmus of Tehuantepec)",
   "en": "Rail line serving the state",
   "es": "Línea de ferrocarril que sirve al estado",
   "src": "wiki_places",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoceanic_Corridor_of_the_Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec"
  },
  {
   "kind": "power",
   "name": "Power and water",
   "es_name": "Electricidad y agua",
   "en": "Salina Cruz still had no natural gas in November 2023, the builders’ chamber said. Hurricane Agatha left Oaxaca with 41.5% of national disaster damage in 2022 (CENAPRED).",
   "es": "Salina Cruz todavía no tenía gas natural en noviembre de 2023, dijo la cámara de la construcción. El huracán Agatha dejó a Oaxaca el 41.5% de los daños por desastres del país en 2022 (CENAPRED).",
   "src": "b6p5"
  },
  {
   "kind": "logistics",
   "name": "Logistics and crossings",
   "es_name": "Logística y cruces",
   "en": "Line Z runs 308 kilometers from Coatzacoalcos to Salina Cruz, carrying freight since September 2023.",
   "es": "La Línea Z recorre 308 kilómetros de Coatzacoalcos a Salina Cruz, y mueve carga desde septiembre de 2023.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  },
  {
   "kind": "park",
   "name": "Development pole",
   "es_name": "Polo de desarrollo",
   "en": "Salina Cruz was declared in the Diario Oficial on May 12, 2023, one of 6 Isthmus poles there.",
   "es": "Salina Cruz se declaró en el Diario Oficial el 12 de mayo de 2023, uno de los seis polos del Istmo en el estado.",
   "src": "b6p5"
  }
 ],
 "investors": [
  {
   "name": "Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners",
   "date": "2024-09",
   "en": "The largest announced energy project is about $10,000 million of green hydrogen at Ixtepec by the Danish fund Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners, reported in September 2024.",
   "es": "El mayor proyecto energético anunciado es de cerca de 10,000 millones de dólares para hidrógeno verde en Ixtepec, del fondo danés Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners, reportado en septiembre de 2024.",
   "src": "b6c20"
  }
 ],
 "text": {
  "identity": {
   "en": "Oaxaca's first export fortune was red: cochineal, a dye from an insect that lives on the nopal cactus, shipped to Europe especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, until cheaper dyes displaced it in the 19th. Oaxaca has the greatest linguistic diversity in Mexico. Sixteen ethnolinguistic groups are recognised by the Instituto Nacional Indigenista, the Zapotecs and Mixtecs the most populous, and in 2005 some 1.09 million Oaxacans spoke an Indigenous language. Most of its municipalities govern themselves by usos y costumbres. The Chivela pass in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec gives Mexico its best conditions for wind power, and Salina Cruz has a refinery. The Instituto de Ciencias y Artes, opened in 1827, where Benito Juárez studied, is the forerunner of today's UABJO, established in 1955.",
   "es": "La grana cochinilla, insecto del nopal que da un tinte rojo, fue la base de la economía colonial de Oaxaca, y su producción solo fue superada por la de la plata. El estado tiene la mayor diversidad lingüística del país: el Instituto Nacional Indigenista reconoce 16 grupos etnolingüísticos, con zapotecos y mixtecos a la cabeza, y en 2005 había 1,091,502 hablantes de lenguas indígenas. La mayoría de sus municipios se rige por usos y costumbres. El Istmo de Tehuantepec produce electricidad eólica, y Salina Cruz tiene una refinería. La Mixteca es la región de la que más gente sale en busca de mejores oportunidades. El Instituto de Ciencias y Artes, abierto en 1827, donde estudió Benito Juárez, es el antecedente de la UABJO, creada en 1955."
  },
  "industry": {
   "en": "The economy grew 5.4% in 2024, the fastest of any state, but activity was 2.8% smaller in the first quarter of 2026 (INEGI).",
   "es": "La economía creció 5.4% en 2024, la más rápida de todos los estados, pero la actividad fue 2.8% menor en el primer trimestre de 2026 (INEGI)."
  },
  "people": {
   "en": "Unemployment was 0.8% in the second quarter of 2026 (INEGI), the lowest in Mexico, while informality was 80.1%, the highest, compared with 2.7% and 55.1% nationally. Multidimensional poverty was 51.6% in 2024 (INEGI). Lokus Data’s IMSS processing counted 241,108 formal private jobs in July 2026, up 5.8%.",
   "es": "El desempleo fue de 0.8% en el segundo trimestre de 2026 (INEGI), el más bajo de México, y la informalidad de 80.1%, la más alta, frente a 2.7 y 55.1 nacionales. La pobreza multidimensional fue de 51.6% en 2024 (INEGI). El procesamiento del IMSS de Lokus Data contó 241,108 empleos formales privados en julio de 2026, 5.8% más."
  },
  "wages": {
   "en": "Lokus Data reported an average registered daily wage of 554.49 pesos in July 2026, compared with a national average of 673.9 pesos that covers all IMSS-insured workers.",
   "es": "Lokus Data situó el salario diario registrado promedio en 554.49 pesos en julio de 2026, frente al promedio nacional de 673.9, que cubre a todos los trabajadores asegurados en el IMSS."
  },
  "security": {
   "en": "The May 29, 2026, USA advisory sets Oaxaca at Level 2. The Mexico Peace Index 2026 ranks it eighth most peaceful; INEGI counted 1,810 businesses victimized per 10,000 in 2023, against 2,722.",
   "es": "La alerta de viaje de Estados Unidos del 29 de mayo de 2026 coloca a Oaxaca en el nivel 2. El Índice de Paz México 2026 lo coloca como el octavo más pacífico; el INEGI contó 1,810 unidades económicas víctimas de delito por cada 10,000 en 2023, frente a 2,722."
  },
  "government": {
   "en": "Payroll tax is 3.0% for 2026 (BHR). IMCO ranks it 31st in 2026; registering property took 78 days in the World Bank’s 2016 study, the slowest.",
   "es": "El impuesto sobre nóminas es de 3.0% para 2026 (BHR). El IMCO lo coloca en el lugar 31 en 2026; registrar una propiedad tomaba 78 días en el estudio del Banco Mundial de 2016, el más lento."
  },
  "suits": {
   "en": "Today the deep south suits a narrow set of companies: processors of the region’s own agriculture, coffee, cacao, fruit, poultry and palm oil; makers of building materials for the southern market; and light, labor-intensive assemblers willing to be early, preferably inside a development pole with power and a railway, near the Isthmus or Palenque, where the federal government has committed its money. It doesn’t yet suit a just-in-time supplier, a heavy-power user, or a company that can’t afford a hurricane season.",
   "es": "Hoy el sur profundo le conviene a un grupo reducido de empresas: procesadoras de la agricultura de la propia región, café, cacao, fruta, aves y aceite de palma; fabricantes de materiales de construcción para el mercado del sur, y ensambladores ligeros e intensivos en mano de obra dispuestos a llegar temprano, de preferencia dentro de un polo de desarrollo con electricidad y ferrocarril, cerca del Istmo o de Palenque, donde el gobierno federal ha comprometido su dinero. Todavía no le conviene a un proveedor de justo a tiempo, a un gran consumidor de electricidad ni a una empresa que no puede pagar una temporada de huracanes."
  },
  "check": {
   "en": [
    "Ask CFE what load the nearest substation can take and when.",
    "Price the route to the nearest working port or rail terminal with a quoted rate.",
    "Read the state’s crime figures by municipality and road, not by state.",
    "Pull the flood and hurricane record for the parcel.",
    "Before you buy anything, find out which local authorities and leaders you will deal with in the town, what existing employers pay, and whether a state or federal program will back you if someone objects to your arrival."
   ],
   "es": [
    "Pregúntele a la CFE qué carga puede tomar la subestación más cercana y cuándo.",
    "Ponga precio a la ruta al puerto o a la terminal ferroviaria en operación más cercanos con una tarifa cotizada.",
    "Lea las cifras de delitos por municipio y por carretera, no por estado.",
    "Consiga el registro de inundaciones y huracanes del predio.",
    "Y antes de comprar nada, averigüe quiénes son las autoridades y los líderes locales con los que tratará en el pueblo, cuánto pagan los patrones que ya existen y si un programa estatal o federal lo va a respaldar si alguien se opone a su llegada."
   ]
  }
 },
 "landed": [],
 "images": [
  {
   "file": "oaxaca-1.webp",
   "kind": "photo",
   "w": 800,
   "h": 320,
   "title": "MonteAlbanWest",
   "author": "No machine-readable author provided. João Sousa assumed (based on copyright claims).",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
   "license_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/",
   "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MonteAlbanWest.jpg",
   "date": "27 July 20",
   "alt": {
    "en": "Monte Albán, looking west",
    "es": "Monte Albán, vista al poniente"
   },
   "caption": {
    "en": "Monte Albán, looking west",
    "es": "Monte Albán, vista al poniente"
   }
  },
  {
   "file": "oaxaca-2.webp",
   "kind": "photo",
   "w": 820,
   "h": 625,
   "title": "Monte Alban West Side Platform",
   "author": "nsaum75 !Dígame¡‎",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
   "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0",
   "source": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monte_Alban_West_Side_Platform.jpg",
   "date": "2010-12-26",
   "alt": {
    "en": "The west platform at Monte Albán",
    "es": "La plataforma poniente de Monte Albán"
   },
   "caption": {
    "en": "The west platform at Monte Albán",
    "es": "La plataforma poniente de Monte Albán"
   }
  }
 ],
 "sources": {
  "eic2025": {
   "en": "INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025 (people in private dwellings; median age from the tabulates)",
   "es": "INEGI, Encuesta Intercensal 2025 (población en viviendas particulares; edad mediana de los tabulados)",
   "published": "2026-09-22",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/intercensal/2025/"
  },
  "pibe": {
   "en": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, current prices; share our arithmetic over the national 33,506,847 million pesos",
   "es": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, precios corrientes; participación: cálculo propio sobre el total nacional de 33,506,847 millones de pesos",
   "published": "2025-12-05",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/pibent/"
  },
  "etef2025": {
   "en": "INEGI, Exportaciones Trimestrales por Entidad Federativa, the four quarters of 2025 summed (our arithmetic), preliminary",
   "es": "INEGI, Exportaciones Trimestrales por Entidad Federativa, suma de los cuatro trimestres de 2025 (cálculo propio), cifras preliminares",
   "published": "2026-03-31",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/exportacionesef/"
  },
  "wiki_area": {
   "en": "Wikipedia, List of states of Mexico, citing INEGI (continental area, 2016)",
   "es": "Wikipedia, List of states of Mexico, citando al INEGI (superficie continental, 2016)",
   "published": "2026-10-22",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico"
  },
  "b6p5": {
   "en": "Book 6, Where to Go in Mexico, Part V, with the sources listed there",
   "es": "Libro 6, Dónde ubicarse en México, quinta parte, con las fuentes que ahí se citan",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  },
  "enoe": {
   "en": "INEGI, ENOE second quarter 2026, bulletin 503/26, as compiled in Book 6, Part V",
   "es": "INEGI, ENOE segundo trimestre de 2026, boletín 503/26, según la compilación del Libro 6, quinta parte",
   "published": "2026-08-25",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2026/enoe/enoe2026_08.pdf"
  },
  "lokus": {
   "en": "IMSS open data as processed by Lokus Data (private formal jobs and average daily contribution wage; the national wage of 673.9 pesos covers all IMSS-insured workers), as compiled in Book 6",
   "es": "Datos abiertos del IMSS procesados por Lokus Data (empleo formal privado y salario diario promedio de cotización; el salario nacional de 673.9 pesos cubre a todos los asegurados del IMSS), según el Libro 6",
   "published": "2026-07",
   "url": "https://plataforma.lokusdata.com/salarios/"
  },
  "b6c20": {
   "en": "Book 6, Where to Go in Mexico, chapter 20, The Deep South: Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas, with the sources listed there",
   "es": "Libro 6, Dónde ubicarse en México, capítulo 20, El sur profundo: Guerrero, Oaxaca y Chiapas, con las fuentes que ahí se citan",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/book6/",
   "url_es": "https://connectedcontinentspress.com/libro6/"
  },
  "etef609": {
   "en": "INEGI, quarterly state exports, bulletin 609/26, as compiled in Book 6",
   "es": "INEGI, exportaciones trimestrales por entidad federativa, boletín 609/26, según el Libro 6",
   "published": "2026-09-30",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/exportacionesef/"
  },
  "se_rnie": {
   "en": "Secretaría de Economía, foreign direct investment by state of destination, as reproduced by the Chamber of Deputies, Gaceta Parlamentaria",
   "es": "Secretaría de Economía, inversión extranjera directa por entidad de destino, reproducida por la Cámara de Diputados, Gaceta Parlamentaria",
   "published": "2026-04-14",
   "url": "https://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/PDF/66/2026/abr/Inv.Ext.Entidad_destino-20260414.pdf"
  },
  "imco": {
   "en": "IMCO, Índice de Competitividad Estatal 2026",
   "es": "IMCO, Índice de Competitividad Estatal 2026",
   "published": "2026-09-21",
   "url": "https://imco.org.mx/"
  },
  "payroll": {
   "en": "BHR, bulletin on state payroll-tax rates for 2026, as compiled in Book 6",
   "es": "BHR, boletín sobre las tasas del impuesto sobre nóminas de 2026, según el Libro 6",
   "published": "2026-01",
   "url": "https://www.bhrmx.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/PRIMEROS-ESCENARIOS-ESTATALES-CON-AUMENTOS-EN-LA-TASA-DEL-ISN-PARA-2026.pdf"
  },
  "peace": {
   "en": "Institute for Economics and Peace, Mexico Peace Index 2026; USA Department of State travel advisory of 29 May 2026",
   "es": "Institute for Economics and Peace, Índice de Paz México 2026; alerta de viaje del Departamento de Estado de Estados Unidos del 29 de mayo de 2026",
   "published": "2026-05-29",
   "url": "https://www.visionofhumanity.org/"
  },
  "enve": {
   "en": "INEGI, ENVE 2024 (businesses victimized in 2023, per 10,000)",
   "es": "INEGI, ENVE 2024 (unidades económicas víctimas de delito en 2023, por cada 10,000)",
   "published": "2024-12-10",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enve/2024/"
  },
  "itaee": {
   "en": "INEGI, ITAEE first quarter 2026 (change on a year), from Book 6, Figure VII.18",
   "es": "INEGI, ITAEE primer trimestre de 2026 (cambio anual), del Libro 6, figura VII.18",
   "published": "2026-11",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/temas/itaee/"
  },
  "pibe_state": {
   "en": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, the state's press release (shares at current prices, growth at constant prices; taxes on products are 100 less the three activities, our arithmetic)",
   "es": "INEGI, PIB por Entidad Federativa 2024, comunicado de la entidad (participación a precios corrientes, crecimiento a precios constantes; los impuestos a los productos son 100 menos las tres actividades: cálculo propio)",
   "published": "2025-12-05",
   "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2025/pibent/PIBE2024_12_CP_Oax.pdf"
  },
  "wiki_places": {
   "en": "Wikipedia, the city, airport, port and crossing pages (EN and ES), read 3 November 2026",
   "es": "Wikipedia, páginas de ciudades, aeropuertos, puertos y cruces (en inglés y en español), consultadas el 3 de noviembre de 2026",
   "published": "2026-11-03",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Mexico"
  },
  "wiki_identity": {
   "en": "Wikipedia and the pages listed: Oaxaca (English Wikipedia) (en); Oaxaca (Wikipedia en español) (es); Mezcal (English Wikipedia) (en); Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca (Wikipedia en español) (es)",
   "es": "Wikipedia y las páginas citadas: Oaxaca (English Wikipedia) (en); Oaxaca (Wikipedia en español) (es); Mezcal (English Wikipedia) (en); Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca (Wikipedia en español) (es)",
   "published": "2026-11-03",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oaxaca"
  }
 }
}